Tax Years and Deadlines 2023-2026: US, Canada, India

Tax years and deadlines are where Publication 17 stops being enough for readers with Canadian or Indian ties. This page covers the filing-date passages of chapter 1 (printed pages 10 to 12 of the 2025 edition) and the estimated-tax dates in chapter 4 (page 42), then sets them beside Canada's and India's calendars for tax years 2023, 2024, 2025 and 2026. It matters most if you live abroad or file in two countries in the same months. These are unofficial study notes in our own words; the IRS publication controls.

What Pub 17 says and where it stops

Pub 17 gives the calendar-year filing date, April 15, 2026 for tax year 2025, on page 10 and a quick-view grid, Table 1-5, on page 11. A date that falls on a Saturday, Sunday or legal holiday moves to the next business day. The rest of the passage covers:

• Six-month extension: Form 4868 extends filing to October 15 for calendar-year filers, not payment. Interest runs from April 15 (page 11).
• Nonresident aliens: the return is due April 15 with wages subject to U.S. withholding and June 15 without, and Pub 519 has the detail (page 11).
• Individuals outside the United States: an automatic two months to June 15 to file and pay, with a statement attached, then four more months through Form 4868 with the line 8 box checked (pages 11 and 12).
• Estimated tax: April 15, June 15, September 15 and January 15; nonresident aliens use Form 1040-ES (NR) (pages 41 and 42).

Where it stops: an extension beyond six months is generally not granted, and Pub 17 sends you to Pub 54 for the exceptions. It gives no Canadian or Indian date, never mentions the FBAR, and has one paragraph on Form 8938 (page 3). Confirm Canadian dates with your CPA and Indian dates with your Chartered Accountant.

Tax years and deadlines: how do the three calendars line up?

Each U.S. year spans two Indian financial years (FY), because India's year ends March 31. The assessment year (AY) follows the income year.

India's Income-tax Act, 2025 came into force on April 1, 2026 and replaces the Income-tax Act, 1961. Income through March 31, 2026 stays under the 1961 Act and its assessment years, while income from April 1, 2026 is in a "tax year" under the new Act. See our India transition guide and India tax system overview, and let your Indian CA confirm which provisions apply to each period.

Which filing dates apply in each country?

United States

The abroad column needs a statement with the return, and the Form 4868 column needs the line 8 box checked and the form filed by the June date. People abroad can also ask by letter, sent by October 15, for a discretionary extra two months to December 15, unless Form 2350 was approved (Pub 54, pages 5 and 6). A nonresident alien with no wages subject to withholding files by June 15, and Form 4868 then runs to December 15 (Pub 519, pages 49 and 50). More detail is in our extensions by country guide and the U.S. federal tax calendar.

Canada

Canada gives no automatic extra time to people living abroad. The later date covers a filer or a spouse or common-law partner in business. See the CRA deadline calendar and the Canadian tax year guide.

India

A return is treated as invalid if it is not e-verified within 30 days of filing, unless the Department condones the delay. The table covers individuals without business income; business income, audit and transfer pricing carry other dates. For AY 2025-26, audit cases ran to December 10, 2025 (Circular 15/2025). For AY 2026-27 the only extension was Circular 7/2026 of September 28, 2026, which moved audit cases from October 31 to November 21, 2026. Both Acts' date tables turn on audit, transfer pricing and business income, not residence, so a non-resident Indian without those usually shares the date, but ask the CA which dates apply. The India compliance calendar tracks later notices.

What do the installment calendars look like?

U.S. estimated tax, by tax year:

Canada's individual installments fall on March 15, June 15, September 15 and December 15 when required. India's advance tax is 15 percent by June 15, 45 percent by September 15, 75 percent by December 15 and 100 percent by March 15, when the year's tax after tax deducted at source is INR 10,000 or more. Resident senior citizens without business income are exempt, and filers on the presumptive scheme pay the whole amount by March 15. Each country counts its own year; our installment comparison goes further.

Which foreign reports ride on these dates?

• FBAR: April 15, extended automatically to October 15, filed with FinCEN (FBAR guide).
• Form 8938: with the return, including extensions (Form 8938 guide).
• Form 3520: April 15, June 15 for people living and working abroad, or October 15 if the return is extended (Forms 3520 and 3520-A).
• T1135: the same date as the T1 (T1135 reporting).
• Schedule FA: part of the Indian return for residents (the e-filing guide says not-ordinarily-resident and non-resident filers need not complete it), based on the calendar year; ask your CA about tax year 2026-27 (Schedule FA).

By tax year: 2023, 2024, 2025 and 2026

The date tables above change every year. These add the amounts readers with Canadian or Indian ties use most.

Form 8938 thresholds did not change from 2023 through 2026 (for 2026, unchanged unless the IRS revises the instructions), and the FBAR threshold stayed at $10,000 of combined foreign accounts at any time:

The living-abroad rows apply only if your tax home is in a foreign country and you meet a presence abroad test: a citizen who was a bona fide resident abroad for an uninterrupted period that includes the whole tax year, or a citizen or resident present abroad at least 330 full days in a 12-month period ending in the tax year. If you moved into or out of the United States during the year, count the days; if you meet neither test, the living-in-the-U.S. rows apply (Form 8938 instructions, page 4).

2026 planning figures; Pub 17 (2026) is not yet published. For Form 8938 and FBAR values, convert at the exchange rate on the last day of the year, in most cases the Treasury rate. For income, the IRS accepts any posted rate used consistently, including its yearly average.

A short example

Meera, a U.S. citizen working in Hyderabad, tax year 2025. She earns INR 150,000 a month, paid in India.

1. Split by Indian year. January to March: 3 × 150,000 = INR 450,000, in FY 2024-25 (AY 2025-26). April to December: 9 × 150,000 = INR 1,350,000, in FY 2025-26 (AY 2026-27). Check: 450,000 + 1,350,000 = 1,800,000 = 12 × 150,000.
2. One U.S. year. Her 2025 U.S. return covers all 12 months: INR 1,800,000 ÷ 87.133 = $20,658.07.
3. Her calendar. September 16, 2025: Indian return for FY 2024-25. June 15, 2026: U.S. return and payment, with the abroad statement (interest runs from April 15). July 31, 2026: Indian return for FY 2025-26. October 15, 2026: the outer U.S. date if she filed Form 4868 by June 15.

Which U.S. year picks up the Indian tax for FY 2025-26 depends on whether she credits foreign tax when paid or elects to credit it when accrued (Pub 514). Names and amounts are invented.

Mistakes to avoid

• Treating June 15 as fixed. It moved to Monday, June 17, 2024 and Monday, June 16, 2025.
• Reading the abroad date as a payment holiday. Interest runs from April 15, and a U.S. extension never moves a Canadian or Indian date.
• Writing "2025" for Indian income without saying FY 2025-26, AY 2026-27 or tax year 2026-27.
• Planning from a 2026 figure as if final. Pub 17 (2026) and the 2026 forms are not published.

Check yourself

Question 1 (tax year 2025): Maya, a U.S. citizen, lives and works in Calgary and does not use Form 4868. By what date must she file and pay her 2025 U.S. return, and from when does interest run?

Answer: Monday, June 15, 2026, with a statement attached explaining she lives and works abroad. Interest runs from April 15, 2026, the regular due date.

Question 2 (tax year 2024): Why was the second 2024 estimated tax payment due on June 17, 2024 and not June 15?

Answer: June 15, 2024 was a Saturday, and a date on a weekend or legal holiday moves to the next business day, Monday, June 17, 2024.

Question 3 (tax year 2025): A U.S. citizen in Mississauga earned C$96,000 in 2025. At the IRS 2025 yearly average of 1.398, what is that in U.S. dollars?

Answer: C$96,000 ÷ 1.398 = $68,669.53. Check: $68,669.53 × 1.398 = C$96,000.00. Any posted rate used consistently is acceptable, so this is one valid method.

Question 4 (tax year 2026, planning figures): By how much do the 2026 planning figures for the foreign earned income exclusion and the RRSP dollar limit exceed the 2025 figures?

Answer: The exclusion rises from $130,000 to $132,900, which is $132,900 − $130,000 = $2,900 more. The RRSP limit rises from C$32,490 to C$33,810, which is C$33,810 − C$32,490 = C$1,320 more.

Question 5 (Indian tax year 2026-27, schedule illustration; the September 15, 2026 date has already passed): An individual expects Indian tax of INR 200,000 for the year, after tax deducted at source, and must pay advance tax. What cumulative amount does the schedule require by September 15 and by December 15?

Answer: By September 15, 45 percent: 0.45 × 200,000 = INR 90,000. By December 15, 75 percent: 0.75 × 200,000 = INR 150,000. The final INR 50,000 is due by March 15. Your Indian CA confirms the current rules.

How we can help

We are a U.S. CPA firm in Aurora, Illinois. We build one deadline calendar for clients with U.S., Canadian and Indian filings, prepare the U.S. return, extension and foreign reports, and coordinate with your Canadian CPA or Indian Chartered Accountant, who file the Canadian and Indian returns. See cross-border tax services and foreign account and asset reporting.

Frequently asked questions

General information only. It is not tax, legal, accounting or immigration advice for your situation, and rules change; confirm the current rules with the official source or a licensed professional in the relevant country.